Sixth Grade - ELA
1: Environment and Cycles
Unit 1: The Wanderer
Lesson 3
Juggling
Students compare two example passages and discuss which writing is better, explicitly noting that voice gives writing personality and captures a mood or tone. Students practice identifying narrator voice in The Wanderer by distinguishing Cody's and Sophie's different writing styles. Students complete the "Your Voice" prompts and read their sentences aloud to check whether their own personality and tone come through in their writing.
Lesson 7
The Storm
Students read a definition of voice and complete an "Identifying Voice" activity in which they match quotes to the characters Brian, Cody, or Sophie, directly attending to each character's distinct manner of speaking. Students then write one or two sentences for each character in a scenario, producing quotes and thoughts/actions that reflect each character's personality and tone. The answer key describes expected voice traits (analytical for Brian, joking for Cody, introspective/poetic for Sophie), which guides students in producing voice-consistent responses.
Lesson 10
Narrative Essay Writing and Voice
Students are prompted to choose and keep in mind a tone for their narrative (e.g., funny, sad, scary) and to create a feeling or tone for the piece as they write. Students complete a prewriting organizer that asks them to note how each event made them feel and what they learned, supporting consistent emotional perspective. Students use a rubric and an editing checklist that explicitly ask whether the narrative has an identifiable tone, shows how the writer felt at different points, and ensures clarity of tone during revision and conferencing.
Final Project
Character Lapbook and Test
Students are asked to "write a sentence that reflects the voice of the three main characters," which requires producing language consistent with a character's voice. Students must choose a character quote and "explain why the quote is meaningful," which asks them to connect wording to character personality or change. Multiple tasks ask students to expand sentences using modifiers, adjectives, and prepositional phrases and to write descriptive sentences for the Character Tree and Character Changes, giving practice in word choice and sentence-level voice.
Unit 2: The People of Sparks
Lesson 4
The Disaster
The lesson asks students to create a ballad that "should remind the people of what happened and that they should always try to live peacefully," which requires adopting a consistent theme and tone across four to six stanzas. The Skills section includes "Extend understanding by creating products for different purposes, different audiences, and within various contexts," which implicates adjusting style for purpose and audience. The monument option asks students to design an object that conveys a message of peace, requiring choices (materials, shape, colors) that affect tone and style.
Lesson 5
Roamers
Students are asked in Activity 2 (Dreams in Color) to "carefully select colors and images that reflect the mood and tone" and then "write a short descriptive paragraph to accompany it," which requires attention to tone in descriptive writing. In Activity 1 (The Debate) students are instructed to "appeal to the emotions of the listeners" and to read their arguments aloud, which involves choosing language and tone to persuade an audience.
Lesson 10
The Decision
Students are asked to write a 6–8 sentence speech to present a peaceful solution to the conflict, which requires adopting a persuasive tone and style. A parent note explicitly instructs to "Discuss the tone of such a speech and how to effectively deliver a speech to a small group," directing attention to tone in speaking. Another activity asks students to write experiment directions with a materials list and step-by-step directions, which requires using a consistent procedural style.
Unit 3: Short Stories
Lesson 3
The Dog of Pompeii
Students are asked to produce a RAFT product in which they take the role of a historian and compose a poem or song to be presented to a specific audience, which requires adopting a voice for that role. The skills list asks students to "narrate an expressive account that uses remembered feelings and specific details," and Activity 3 has students locate vivid descriptive phrases from Tito's point of view and then write sensory descriptions of their own home to be read aloud. These tasks require students to choose language and a manner of expression appropriate to a role or purpose, which relates to style and tone.
2: Force and Power
Unit 1: Bull Run
Lesson 1
Background on the Civil War
Students are asked to analyze author word choice, purpose, and stance (Skills section) and to discuss differences in perspective between diary and journal accounts (Parent Plan for Activity 4), which engages them in recognizing tone. Students write in a journal for the Admission into the Union activity and create sentences about the Civil War in Activity 6, providing opportunities for producing written output. The activities also require students to put research into their own words (Activity 2 and Parent Plan notes), which implicates choices about voice and wording.
Lesson 2
Pink and Say
Students are asked in Activity 2 to choose a short passage and rewrite it from Pink's first-person point of view or from an omniscient third-person narrator, with instructions to include what Pink is seeing and thinking. The Parent Plan and student prompts emphasize the narrator's perspective and note that the student should imagine and convey characters' thoughts and feelings. The Civil War letters pages are described as having a formal, period tone, and students are asked to identify the writers' perspectives and read letters as primary-source documents.
Lesson 6
The Battle Begins
Students are asked to write a fictional story based on an event or character from the book and are instructed that the story "should still reflect the time period," which encourages an appropriate historical voice. A discussion prompt asks why the author made entries shorter and gives possible answers linking short entries to pacing and the writers being "out of sorts," which draws attention to tone in the reading. The parent plan prompts discussion of differences in soldiers' lives and morale, which can lead students to consider tone and perspective when speaking about historical experiences.
Lesson 7
Fleeing and Death
Activity 2 asks students to reread a chosen character's accounts, study personality and mannerisms, and practice reading the accounts aloud "in character," including using an accent. Students are instructed to continue practicing and then present their accounts to family, which requires performing with a consistent character voice and mannerisms during the oral presentation.
Final Project
Argumentative Essay
Students are explicitly told to use a professional, not conversational tone for this formal writing assignment and to avoid using "I," contractions, and slang when composing their essays. Students are required to write a first draft, revise and edit, and produce a final copy, which requires applying the formal tone across multiple drafts. The rubric and outline direct students to follow organizational and argumentative conventions (e.g., strong position statement, appeal to reader's logic and emotion), which supports sustaining a consistent formal style.
Unit 2: Albert Einstein
Lesson 6
Fame
Students compare the style and content of three media (biography, encyclopedia entry, and videos) in Activity 2 and answer directed questions about how each medium differs and which produced the greatest emotional response. The Forms of Media student page asks students to reflect on purpose, enjoyment, and emotional response, prompting identification of differences in style and tone across sources. Activity 1 asks students to select, memorize, and share Einstein quotes and to "think about the power of your own words," which draws attention to word choice and the emotional impact of phrasing.
Lesson 8
Peace
The Skills section asks students to "explain how authors create meaning through stylistic elements," and Option 2 directs students to identify how the author conveys feelings about Einstein, which relates to tone. Option 1 asks students to write a biography that "adds feelings and a personal touch" and even to make it "funny, surprising, inspiring, or even sad," prompting students to choose a tone for their writing. Several activities ask students to analyze author choices and provide examples that demonstrate elements of a biography, including how the writer feels about the person.
Final Project
Biography Scrapbook
Students are instructed to write a letter from Einstein and are explicitly told to "use Einstein's 'voice' in the letter." Students are asked to write a journal entry from Einstein's point of view that "should reflect Einstein's voice," and both the letter and journal require use of Latin/Greek root words. The Parent Plan also directs students to "produce work that follows the conventions of particular genres," which aligns with maintaining appropriate style for different writing forms.
Unit 3: Number the Stars
Lesson 3
The Button Shop
The Parent Plan lists "Revise drafts to clarify meaning and enhance style," and activities include creating a propaganda poster where students decide a message and images to influence attitudes, which requires choosing appropriate wording and visual tone. Students also are asked to explain their poster to family and to review editing symbols, indicating some focus on revising and presenting written/visual work.
Lesson 6
Aunt Birte is Dead
Students learn and apply proofreading abbreviations that include T (verb tense), s/v (subject/verb agreement), and -s (final "s") and are instructed to rewrite a paragraph correcting those errors. Students complete an editing practice paragraph using the provided proofreading symbols and are asked to mark mistakes using the abbreviations. The wrap-up and review prompt students to explain each editing abbreviation and when it would be used, reinforcing grammatical consistency in their writing.
Lesson 9
A Magazine Article
Students are told explicitly to write with a formal magazine style and to avoid using "I," contractions, and slang, directing them toward a consistent formal register. Students are asked to use transitions and to revise their drafts to stay on topic and support ideas, activities that support maintaining a unified tone across paragraphs. Students review an Expository Rubric that emphasizes word choice (use of adjectives, strong verbs, attention-catching words) and are asked to pay attention to organization and mechanics, which influence consistent style.
3: Change
Unit 1: Tuck Everlasting
Final Project
A Debate
Students are given a Rules of Debate sheet that explicitly tells them to "Watch your tone of voice," "Keep your perspective — you're just debating," and to avoid presenting opinions as facts or using absolutes like "never" and "always." Students must prepare a two-minute opening argument and a one- to two-sentence closing statement that restates their position, which requires keeping a consistent position and tone throughout the spoken presentation. The activity also asks students to record "Your Own Words" and to use note cards, connecting spoken preparation with written notes.
Unit 2: Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry
Lesson 3
The Bus
Students are asked to write a 6–10 sentence formal letter to the head of the school board and to "Follow the guidelines shown in the formal letter template below," which includes sender/recipient addresses, date, salutation, body, closing, and signature. The Parent Plan and skills list explicitly require students to "Write formal and informal letters" and to "Write persuasive letters," and the lesson provides common formal salutations and closings. The wrapping up and activities prompt students to "Review the format for a formal letter," reinforcing use of formal conventions and audience-appropriate structure.
Lesson 6
Uncle Hammer
Students practice choosing adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, and descriptive verbs in the "Expanding Sentences" activity, which requires adding at least four descriptive items to each sentence and thus involves word choice that affects tone. Students create a persuasive poster with a powerful slogan and images to appeal to emotions, which asks them to select language and imagery that convey a particular tone. Students are asked to review strategies for expanding sentences to avoid choppy writing, which engages them in making stylistic choices at the sentence level.
Lesson 9
Papa's Accident
The Parent Plan lists the skill "Revise drafts to clarify meaning and enhance style," and it instructs students to combine sentences, correct fragments and run-ons, and add details. The Editing & Revising activities direct students to use descriptive verbs, add detailed descriptions to enhance a paragraph, and improve transitions by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging text. Student pages require revising sample paragraphs and combining/expanding sentences, which gives students practice in changing wording and sentence structure to affect style.
Lesson 10
Revival
Students are prompted to consider and maintain a consistent "voice": the Book Report Rubric asks explicitly, "Do I stick with one consistent voice?" and the lesson tells students to "keep this in mind as you consider the 'voice' of the report." Students plan a five-paragraph report (Organizing Ideas) and then write the first two paragraphs, which requires them to sustain style and tone across multiple paragraphs. The rubric and writing tasks also emphasize sentence-level choices (sentence variety, strong verbs, showing vs. telling) that contribute to a consistent style.
Lesson 11
Trouble
Students are asked to plan and finish a rough draft and to "read through your rough draft and make changes to correct mistakes and to improve the paragraph," which directs revision. The Parent Plan emphasizes focusing on "the content and voice of the report," and the wrapping up asks students to read their revised report aloud to a peer. The Student Activity Page lists proofreading marks for tense, pronoun, fragment, and run-on problems, which students use to edit sentence-level issues.
Final Project
Unit Test and Presentation for Change
The Presentation Rubric explicitly states "The topic is clear and tone is used effectively," and the Skills list tells students to "Use effective rate, volume, pitch, and tone and align nonverbal elements to sustain audience interest." Students are asked to plan their presentation "considering purpose, audience," create four cohesive slides/posters for a single audience (the mayor), and to practice their speech with parent feedback focused on pitch and tone.
Unit 3: The Giver
Final Project
The Final Chapter
Students are asked to write a 3–5 page final chapter and are explicitly told to "remember Jonas' personality and try to stay true to his character," and the rubric includes the criterion "Did your chapter stay true to Jonas' character?" Students are also instructed to use descriptive language, imagery, symbolism, and active voice, and to revise and edit their drafts using editing symbols and a rubric.
4: Systems and Interaction
Unit 1: Esperanza Rising
Lesson 4
Los Angeles
The lesson includes an "Instead of 'Said'" activity and table that asks students to replace instances of the verb said with more descriptive verbs (e.g., whispered, shouted, objected) and to make sure the verb fits the situation. The Student Activity Page directs students to underline each 'said' in three dialogues and write a more descriptive verb above it, and Option 2 asks students to write a realistic dialogue without using 'said' so each character speaks multiple times. Parent checks ask that replacement verbs "make sense in the situation," reinforcing attention to how word choice conveys manner of speaking.
Lesson 10
Together
The activities instruct students to "give each character his or her own unique voice" and to "use tone and pitch to make your reading more convincing and entertaining," which asks students to attend to tone when speaking and reading. Students are told to include descriptions that tell how the characters speak (e.g., "slowly, excitedly") and to read dialogue aloud to hear whether it genuinely sounds like the characters, which practices expressive tone choices. The writing guidance also asks students to vary dialogue tags and voice, supporting deliberate style choices in dialogue.
Final Project
A Dramatization
Students are asked to write a movie trailer that should "make the movie sound exciting" and include lines about major themes, requiring them to adopt a persuasive, exciting tone in writing. Students write readers' theater scripts and are instructed to give each character his or her own unique "voice," use parenthetical actions, and follow script structure, which focuses attention on consistent character tone in dialogue. Students practice and perform scripts with guidance to speak slowly and clearly, add body language, and avoid sounding like they are just reading, which reinforces maintaining an appropriate spoken tone during performance.
Unit 2: The Tree That Time Built
Lesson 1
Fields
The Skills section explicitly asks students to "Recognize how tone or meaning is conveyed in poetry through word choice, figurative language, sentence structure, line length, punctuation, rhythm, repetition, and rhyme," which directs attention to elements that create tone. Activity 2 asks students to write a poem and prompts them with questions: "What emotion do you want the listener/reader to have? What tone do you want your poem to convey? What words or phrases can you use to convey the tone of the poem..." These prompts require students to select language to create a desired tone.
Lesson 3
Prehistoric
Students are asked to reread "Obituary for a Clam" and then write their own obituary for a prehistoric animal, filling in a structured Student Activity Page with name, cause of death, habitat, and how the animal will be remembered. They are directed to read examples of obituaries in local newspapers or online to prepare their poem, and parents are encouraged to have students read their obituaries aloud. The obituary task and the modeling step provide students with a clear genre to imitate.
Lesson 4
Plants
Students are asked to identify the tone, mood, and emotion conveyed in oral communication (listed under Skills). Students are instructed to select a poem and read it aloud so that their tone, mood, and emotion reflect that of the poem (Wrapping Up). Students are encouraged to write a shape poem and read their poem aloud, which gives practice in applying vocal tone to original writing.
Lesson 5
Amphibians and Reptiles
The Skills section asks students to "Define how tone or meaning is conveyed in poetry through word choice, figurative language, sentence structure, line length, punctuation, rhythm, repetition, and rhyme," and discussion prompts ask students how a poem made them feel and what language produces that feeling. Students are asked to create a found poem and to write a two-line couplet about an animal (Option 1), which require students to make stylistic and tonal choices in their own writing. The lesson also directs students to read poems aloud and to pay attention to poetic devices that shape tone.
Lesson 7
Birds
Students are asked to identify the tone of poems and to cite the words/phrases the author uses to convey that tone (Analyzing a Poem Q4). Students are prompted to memorize and recite a poem, with explicit direction to "Give the poem the voice and tone you feel it deserves," which has students practice speaking with tone. The parent/skills sections direct students to define how tone or meaning is conveyed through word choice, figurative language, sentence structure, line length, punctuation, rhythm, repetition, and rhyme, prompting analysis of tone.
Lesson 8
Mammals
Students are asked to reread lyric poems and identify the poet's observations and feelings, prompting analysis of tone (Activity 1). Students write their own lyric poem that should 'reflect your feelings about the subject' and apply poetic devices, which requires choosing a voice and mood. The option to create an illustration that must reflect the poem's tone and the discussion prompts comparing similarities and differences between original and rewritten poems also focus students on recognizing and expressing tone.
Lesson 9
Preservation
Students identify words and phrases that convey tone and meaning in Activity 1 (e.g., listing imagery and personification from "Earth's Bondman"). Students are asked in the Skills section to define how tone or meaning is conveyed through word choice, figurative language, sentence structure, line length, punctuation, rhythm, repetition, and rhyme. In Activity 2 students write an endangered/extinct-species poem that should "convey an emotion of loss," and the Student Activity Page explicitly asks students to note examples of "Tone."
Unit 3: Secret of the Andes
Lesson 6
Llama Training
The Guide to Incan Landmarks asks students to "Pretend you are creating the book for tourists -- you want the book to be informative and engaging," which directs students to adopt a particular audience and tone. The Parent Plan lists skills including "Edit and revise manuscripts to improve the meaning and focus of writing" and "Synthesize research into a written or an oral presentation," which involve producing extended writing. The Combining Sentences activities have students practice varying sentence types (participial phrases) that can affect style and clarity.
Lesson 7
The Temple
The lesson asks students to "retell the myth using the voice of a storyteller" and to make the retelling "exciting and engaging," which requires attention to tone. The Parent Plan directs caregivers to "discuss the tone, pitch, and body language used for the presentation" and to provide feedback on these elements. The wrapping-up and discussion prompts ask students to explain and evaluate tone-related choices in their oral presentation.
Lesson 9
Belonging
Students are asked to write an informative paragraph about the author using a provided list of facts and are given tips for starting sentences and advice to vary sentence types and include transitions. Students are instructed to create a five-slide slideshow 'to share with young children' with short, age-appropriate text and visuals, which requires adapting content for a specific audience. The skills list instructs students to edit and revise manuscripts to improve meaning and focus, and to rearrange text for clarity or impact.
Final Project
Narrative Essay
Students are instructed to write in first person as Cusi and to 'reflect Cusi's voice' when composing, with organizers prompting them to describe feelings using the first person. The Narrative Essay Rubric explicitly evaluates Voice, listing point-of-view consistency, narrator's perspectives, narrative flow, and representation of personality as criteria. Students are directed to revise using the rubric and to conference with a parent, which requires them to check and maintain consistent narrator perspective and voice during editing.
