First Grade - ELA
1: Environment
Unit 1: Habitats and Homes
Lesson 3
Guide to Animal Habitats
Students are prompted to describe habitats orally or in writing (Activity 5) with explicit sensory descriptors: "What would it feel like in the habitat? (hot, cool, wet)." The opening questions ask about what makes an environment "safe and healthy," using frequently occurring adjectives in context. Students are asked to tell a story or draw and then answer descriptive questions (What do you see? Which animals would you be most interested in seeing?), which requires use of descriptive words.
Lesson 4
Animals Live and Grow
Students are prompted to complete open-ended prompts such as "Plants can...", "Plants are...", and "Plants have...", which ask them to describe plant characteristics. Students are asked to answer questions about scenes in the read-aloud (e.g., identifying winter and explaining how they know), which invites descriptive language. In Activity 1 and Activity 3 students label or describe plants and shelters in habitats, providing opportunities to use descriptive words.
Lesson 5
Discovering Animal Habitats
Students are asked to identify and describe animals and habitats (e.g., discuss what you see, describe the animals in the pictures, and name habitat features). The text models descriptive words for habitats (for example, "It is very hot and dry in this habitat" and "This habitat is very cold"), and students are asked to color categories using color words (color the insects green, mammals brown, fish blue, birds red). Several activities prompt students to label pictures and to draw habitats and add pictures that show what animals eat and drink, which can elicit descriptive language.
Lesson 6
Exploring Animal Habitats
The lesson's skills list includes "Use words that name, describe, and tell action (LA)," which invites students to produce descriptive language. In Activity 1 students draw and label plants, animals, and other habitat features, and answer guided questions (e.g., "What are they doing?", "What is interesting about the habitat?") that prompt descriptive responses. In Activity 2 students dictate and write a short narrative ("A Day in the ___: A ___'s Life") and answer prompts about what would be enjoyable or hard, which can lead students to use descriptive words.
Lesson 7
Tools in My Environment
Students are asked to sort tools into categories labeled large vs. medium vs. small and to put tools in order from the shortest to the longest, which requires them to use size-related adjectives (large, medium, small, short, long). The opening questions include the phrases safe and healthy environment, prompting students to use descriptive words. The activities ask students to describe what a tool is and what it is used for, which invites use of descriptive vocabulary.
Lesson 11
Amazing Me
Students read emotion words (e.g., happy, sad, scared, surprised) aloud from the activity pages and are asked to circle the face that matches each item, which requires recognizing and using those descriptive words. In Option 2, students are encouraged to record the emotion represented on each face and to use more advanced vocabulary (e.g., joyous, depressed). Students label four boxes with emotion words and draw pictures corresponding to those labels, providing written use of frequently occurring adjectives.
Unit 2: Weather
Lesson 1
Reading the Skies
Students are prompted to describe the weather using words such as "rainy, snowy, hot, windy," and the weather calendar includes labels like "Snowy, Rainy, Partly Cloudy, Cloudy, Sunny," which require use of adjectival weather words. Activities ask students to describe sky conditions, say how weather makes them feel, and dictate or write sentences using weather vocabulary, giving students opportunities to use descriptive words in speech and writing.
Lesson 2
Types of Precipitation
Students are asked to describe sky conditions and to answer questions about how characters looked when they were hot or cold, providing opportunities to use descriptive words (e.g., "hot," "cold"). The text repeatedly uses descriptive words and phrases (e.g., "warm, damp air," "cooler air," "very hot water," "thin plate," "small pinches") that students read and hear. Activities ask students to describe what is happening in experiments (counting raindrops, describing rain formation), which can prompt use of descriptive language.
Lesson 3
Measuring and Charting Weather
Students are asked to describe what the weather can be like in different habitats, which prompts use of descriptive words (e.g., hot, cold, dry). Students are asked what would happen if an animal's habitat got too warm or cold, prompting them to use adjectives like warm/cold when speaking. The RAIN acrostic asks students to think of words or phrases related to rain, an activity that can produce descriptive words about weather.
Lesson 4
Simulating Weather
The Skills list asks students to identify weather conditions using words labeled cloudy, windy, rainy. Activities require students to name things the wind can move and to go outside and identify things the wind is moving, prompting use of descriptive weather words. Directions for decorating the pinwheel and wrapping the bottle (use different colors, solid color, black construction paper) require students to choose and name color words while coloring and describing materials.
Lesson 5
Fall
Students are asked descriptive questions such as "What do the plants and trees look like?", "What does the sky look like?", and "What do you think the weather feels like?", which prompt use of descriptive words. Students write three sentences about the fall scene (Activity 1), requiring them to produce descriptive language. In Activities 2 and 3 students select, name, and use color words (yellow, brown, red, orange, green) when coloring, graphing, and painting leaves.
Lesson 6
Winter
Students are asked to identify weather conditions using words listed as skills (cloudy, windy, rainy), which are frequently occurring adjectives describing weather. Students are prompted to describe the outside environment in winter and to dictate or write a story using the vocabulary at the top of the activity page, which includes the adjective cold. The handwriting and speaking activities ask students to use words (wind, winter) in sentences and to practice sentences that compare seasons (e.g., winter is cooler), exposing them to comparative adjective use.
Lesson 7
Spring
Students read poems that include adjectives such as "little" (little chick) and descriptive words in the line "Beautiful flowers fresh and new." Students follow directions that use color words as modifiers (e.g., "Plant all the red seeds," seed key labeled Red, Yellow, Brown, Green). The introduction and facts include descriptive terms (e.g., "warmer") that students are asked about when describing spring weather.
Lesson 8
Summer
Students fill in blanks in 'A Summer Story' using picture-word prompts that include the adjective 'hot' to describe the sun. Students are asked to describe the environment and how the kids feel in the Summer Fun picture, prompting use of descriptive words. The 'Changes in Weather' page uses the words warmest and coldest on temperature questions and a continuum, and the song includes adjectives ('cold', 'warm', 'hot') for students to sing and repeat.
Final Project
Weather Games
Students are prompted to describe the sky and clouds (e.g., "are they dark or white and fluffy?") during the Weather Window activity, which leads them to use descriptive words. The Weather Forecast graphic organizer asks students "What does the sky look like?" and "How should people dress for this weather?", prompting use of descriptive language. The example forecast contains frequently occurring adjectives (e.g., beautiful, blue, few, sunny, cool) that students are asked to emulate when preparing and speaking their own forecasts.
Unit 3: Community
Lesson 2
My Community Environment
Students are asked to label places on a poster and "write or dictate a brief description of how the place serves the community," which requires them to produce descriptive language. Students are prompted to "describe some of the communities found in the illustrations" and to discuss ways the communities are similar and different, an activity that elicits descriptive words. Wrapping up asks students to "describe some important places in the community" and explain why a place is important, encouraging use of descriptive language about location and purpose.
Lesson 3
Jobs in the Community
Students are asked in Activity 5 to record one simple sentence about how each worker helps the community, encouraging them to say each sentence aloud and attempt to write words they can sound out. In Activity 4 students complete fill-in-the-blank prompts (e.g., "I would like being a ______ because I could ______, ______, and ______") and write a short paragraph about a chosen community worker. In Activities 1 and 3 students describe what each worker does and how the job makes the community better during observations and discussions.
Lesson 7
A Citizen with Character
Students practice writing the word "kind" in Activity 7 and are invited to write or copy sentences that contain that K-word. The Facts and Definitions and many activities use trait words (respectful, responsible, kind, honest) repeatedly, and students must use those words when marking scenarios, filling in "I am respectful when I __," assigning kindness scores, and explaining choices. In Activity 5 and other writing options, students are asked to write or dictate sentences to accompany drawings or retellings, providing opportunities to use those adjective words in context.
Lesson 9
Caring for Our Communities
Students hear and read descriptive words in the story (e.g., "big building," "little girl," "big park," "old," "single green leaf," "tiny plants," "beautiful flower," "sad," "happy") that model frequently occurring adjectives. Activities ask students to describe community features (Activity 3: name three things that make the community happy and healthy and explain why; extension: discuss settings of books and why they are safe or not), which creates opportunities for using descriptive language.
Final Project
I Can Make A Difference
The student activity page includes reflection sentence starters such as "I felt __" and "The thing I enjoyed the most was __," which require students to supply words describing feelings or experiences. Students complete sentence starters for planning ("I am planning to __," "The first thing I will do is __," "Next I will __") and write about their project, producing descriptive language when they fill in those prompts. The reflection and writing tasks ask students to write about what they enjoyed and how they felt, which elicits descriptive words.
2: Similarities and Differences
Unit 1: Amazing Attributes
Lesson 1
Describe It
Students are given a large set of common descriptive words (sticky, green, cold, white, wet, sweet, round, tall, rough, etc.) in the Word Box and are asked to select, copy, cut/paste, or write those words beneath pictures (Activity 3, Options 1 & 2). In Activity 1 adults model and students practice speaking adjectives when giving and guessing clues (e.g., thin, white, rough, brown, soft), and Activity 4 asks students to write a sentence describing an object using descriptive words. The introduction and wrap-up prompt daily vocabulary review and encourage students to use words that describe in speech and writing, reinforcing adjective use across speaking and writing tasks.
Lesson 2
Animal Attributes
The Skills section directs students to "develop and use vocabulary associated with properties of materials (color, size, shape, and texture)," which targets descriptive words. Multiple activities ask students to describe how two stuffed animals are alike and different and to "describe the properties" of objects, prompting use of descriptive language. Body Coverings and Animal Parts sorting tasks require students to label animals by coverings (feathers, scales, fur) and movement-related parts, which involve applying descriptive vocabulary.
Lesson 3
Size, Shape, and Color
Students are prompted to "describe [an object's] size, shape, and color" when comparing a metal and wooden spoon. In Activity 1 students sort objects by size using terms like "largest," "smallest," and groups "small, medium, and large." In Activity 3 students identify and name colors (red, blue, yellow, purple, green, orange, pink, light blue) and are asked to describe what they learned about mixing colors; the Wrapping Up and Life Application sections ask students to describe properties of color, shape, and size in their environment.
Lesson 4
How Does It Feel?
Students are taught that an adjective describes a noun and are given a word box of common texture adjectives (fluffy, sticky, gooey, wet, rough, soft, hard, cold). In Activity 2 students select, copy, or paste those adjectives under pictures and Option 2 asks them to record two words from the list and invent a new describing word for each object. Activity 3 requires students to write a sentence of the form '______ feels _________.' The skills list explicitly includes 'Use new vocabulary in conversation and writing' and 'Use words that describe in speech and writing.'
Lesson 5
How Old?
Students sort and order pictures from oldest to youngest and from youngest to oldest, using and comparing words such as older, younger, big, bigger, and smaller when discussing people and trees. Students are asked to describe attributes (height, weight, size), talk about what they look at to determine age, and to ask and record questions about people's ages. Students practice writing the word "old" on a handwriting page and are prompted to write questions and short sentences that include age-related descriptors.
Lesson 6
The Measure of Things
Students are asked to "develop and use vocabulary associated with properties of materials (color, size, shape, and texture)" and to "observe and describe the properties" of objects, which requires descriptive words. Several activities require use of descriptive/adjectival forms: fill-in-the-blank comparison sentences use words like "longer," "longest," "shorter," and "shortest," and Activity 5 explicitly asks "Which glass is the longest? Shortest?" Activity 6 provides handwriting practice for the adjective "long."
Lesson 7
More Attributes
Students are asked to describe attribute blocks by shape, color, size, and thickness and to explain similarities and differences. In Activity 2 students must identify sets such as "red and thick," "yellow triangles," and "thin and small," requiring use of color, size, and texture words. Activity 3 and 4 have students sort items into Venn diagram circles labeled with attribute words like "yellow," "triangle," "big," "thick," "Soft Parts," and "Hard Parts."
Lesson 8
Amazing Attributes
Students are asked to "develop and use vocabulary associated with properties of materials (color, size, shape, and texture)" and to "use words that describe in speech and writing" as listed in the Skills section. Students predict and record whether objects are magnetic and whether they sink or float on the activity pages, filling in "Prediction" and "Results" and discussing similarities and differences. Students are prompted to describe attributes (size, weight, color, texture) when comparing objects and when explaining why items sink or float.
Lesson 10
Earth Materials: Rocks, Soil, and Water
Students are prompted to describe how dirt looks, feels, and smells and to provide attributes of soil samples in Activity 1, which requires use of descriptive words. Activity 7 has students write properties of dirt, rocks, and water using adjectives provided as examples (e.g., fine, gritty, dark brown, sticky, magnetic, rough, heavy, transparent, wet, slippery). The water activity lists descriptive terms (clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless, liquid) and has students record these properties in their Earth Materials book.
Final Project
Presenting Attributes
Students are asked to "use words that describe in speech and writing" and to "use new vocabulary in conversation and writing," indicating explicit practice with descriptive words. In the poster activity students label pictures with words such as "rough," "soft," and "gritty" and are instructed to write words and sentences that show attributes. In the demonstration activity students decide what to say about each attribute and practice presenting those descriptive statements to an audience.
Unit 2: Senses
Lesson 2
Senses and Body Parts
Students hear descriptive words in the read-aloud story "Jackie's Day at the Pet Store," including adjectives such as "cute," "funny," "soft," and "friendly." Students are asked in Option 2 to make up and tell a story about Jackie and to pause and glue a sense organ when Jackie uses a sense, which creates an opportunity to use descriptive language while speaking. Students also engage in a listening-and-comprehension activity (Option 1) that requires responding to sensory descriptions in the story.
Lesson 3
Smelling and Tasting
Students are asked to identify and label foods as sweet, salty, bitter, or sour in Activity 2 and to label columns sweet/bitter/sour/salty in Activity 3, providing spoken and written use of these descriptive words. Activity 1 prompts students to say whether items taste "good" or "bad" and to describe smells and tastes aloud, and the Skills list explicitly requires students to "Describe how objects look, smell, taste, and sound." The handwriting task asks students to write a sentence about survey results, giving a written context in which descriptive words can be used.
Lesson 4
Hearing and Seeing
The lesson asks students to describe characters and experiences (e.g., "How would you describe Ms. Frizzle?") and explicitly provides adjective examples such as "crazy, silly, fun, forgetful, scatterbrained." Multiple activities require students to describe what they hear or see (blindfold walk, listening walk, sound descriptions) and to record those descriptions, which creates opportunities to use descriptive words. Activity 4 and Activity 5 ask students to write or attempt to read their descriptions aloud, linking description tasks to spoken and written practice.
Lesson 5
Touch
Students are given an explicit definition that an adjective is a word that describes a noun and are prompted to identify and use adjectives to describe how objects feel. In Activity 1 students choose or write adjectives (e.g., warm, hard, wet) to match pictured items and write opposites for given words. In Activity 2 students add adjectives to a touch chart, check which adjectives apply to listed items, and generate two additional touch-related adjectives for use on the chart. Students also describe textures orally during sensory art and the Feel It! activity and label/draw objects and record descriptive words.
Lesson 6
Experimenting With Our Senses
The lesson lists the skill "Use descriptive words in speech and writing" and includes vocabulary work on properties (color, size, shape, texture). In Activity 1 students taste drinks and record descriptive accounts before and after blindfolding. In Activity 4 students write or dictate and copy a sentence about something they smelled or tasted, providing direct opportunities to produce descriptive language.
Lesson 8
Writing About Our Senses
Students are explicitly told that words that describe people, places, and things are called adjectives and shown examples ("It is red, delicious, smooth, hard, crunchy, and juicy"). In Activity 1 students read or hear clues using descriptive words (e.g., "I am smooth," "I am hot") and select the picture that matches those adjectives. In Activity 2 students fill in blanks about popcorn sensations (felt, sounded, smells, tastes) and are prompted to write or record descriptive sensing words. In Activity 3 students generate one sensing word for each of the five senses to describe a real event, and Activity 4 has them write a sentence describing popcorn, using descriptive words in writing.
Final Project
A Sensible Party
The lesson's Skills list asks students to "Describe how objects look, smell, taste, and sound using your senses" and to "Develop and use vocabulary associated with properties of materials (color, size, shape, and texture)." Student activity pages prompt students to write ideas for each sense, compare similarities and differences, and plan games that require describing sensory properties. Students are also asked post‑party to explain how guests used their senses, which encourages use of descriptive words about objects and experiences.
Unit 3: We're the Same, We're Different
Lesson 1
You're Special
Students answer prompts such as "What color is your hair?", "What color are your eyes?", and "What is your favorite color?", which require them to produce color words (adjectives). Students fill in a personalized paragraph using their answers and read/share that story aloud, giving opportunities to use descriptive words in writing and speaking. Students also practice the word "unique" and the letter Uu in handwriting, reinforcing an adjective that describes people.
Lesson 2
Physical Characteristics
Students are prompted to describe appearance using words for hair color, skin color, shoe size, nose shape, and height in the Facts and Definitions and Introduction. In Activities 1 and 2 students answer guided questions about whether features (hair, eyes, hands, legs) are the same or different, requiring descriptive words. In Activity 3 students plan and dictate a friendship story that asks them to discuss how characters differ in physical characteristics, and in Activity 4 students write a sentence completing "I have _________," practicing descriptive phrasing in writing.
Lesson 3
Different Personalities
Students are asked to read and explain a list of descriptive words such as "quiet," "shy," "loud," "silly," "energetic," "caring," and "funny" (Activity 1). Students write or paste those personality words on graphic organizers for themselves and others, circle shared words, and describe similarities and differences (Activity 2). Students also record two personality words for characters in movies or books, practice handwriting the word "quiet" and use it in a sentence, and substitute personality words into a song.
Lesson 4
Interests and Hobbies
Students are asked to "dictate and then copy or to write a few sentences that describe her hobby," which requires describing and could include adjectives. The Hobby Survey asks "How would you describe your hobby?" prompting students to produce descriptive language. The "My Interest" prompts (e.g., "What is one thing you liked about _______?") ask students to provide descriptive responses that could use adjectives.
Lesson 5
Shapesville
Students are asked to "use words that describe in speech and writing (LA)" and to "describe each one's physical characteristics -- color, sides, angles, eye color, etc." while reading Shapesville. The Student Activity Page prompts students to fill in color, a physical characteristic, a personality trait, a hobby, and an interest (sample entries include "red," "has brown hair," and "funny"). Activity 4 asks students to write or copy a sentence that describes an interest or personality trait, and Activity 2 has students dictate and record a short description of their chosen shape.
Lesson 6
Different Families
Students practice the adjective "different" explicitly in Activity 3 through tracing and handwriting practice. In Activity 2 students are asked to describe clothing, physical characteristics, and activities of people in pictures and to complete sentence frames comparing similarities and differences between families, which invites use of descriptive words. The handwriting and comparison activities require students to write or draw descriptions that could include frequently occurring adjectives.
Lesson 7
Different Homes
Activity 1 (Big, Bigger, Biggest) has students read, identify, color, and write the words big, bigger, biggest (and parallel sets small/smaller/smallest, tall/taller/tallest, long/longer/longest), directly practicing frequently occurring adjectives and their comparative/superlative forms. The Introduction asks students to identify and describe different homes and materials verbally, prompting use of descriptive words. Activity 2 and Activity 4 include written tasks (recording country names above homes and writing a sentence about their home) that offer opportunities to use adjectives in writing.
3: Patterns
Unit 1: Identifying and Creating Visual Patterns
Lesson 1
What Is a Pattern?
Students are asked to name and use colors when continuing and creating patterns (e.g., red-blue-red-blue, tracing A's in red and B's in blue, placing the correct color segment on caterpillar bodies). Students describe patterns aloud using prompts like "First, there is ______. Next, there is _______." Students color objects to match patterns, which requires selecting and using color words during the activities.
Lesson 2
Recognizing Types of Patterns
Students are asked to work with yellow and green strips and to make patterns like yellow-green-yellow, which requires them to identify and name color words. Students are instructed to place a letter A beneath each yellow strip and a letter B beneath each green strip, and to write a letter on each strip to check answers. Students are asked to describe the pattern of each caterpillar and to sort them, an activity that prompts use of descriptive words (e.g., color) to distinguish items.
Lesson 3
What Comes Next?
Students are prompted to describe shapes using the words "thick" and "thin" (Activity 2), answering targeted questions such as "Are the lines that form the square thick or thin?" and "Is the center circle thick or thin?". Students draw additional shapes and decide whether to use a pencil or marker to make thin or thick lines, providing concrete practice using those descriptive words. Students also orally describe radiating patterns and respond to questions about the appearance of squares and circles, practicing use of descriptive language while explaining the patterns.
Lesson 5
Making Color Patterns
The lesson's Skills list includes "Use words that describe color, size, and location (LA)." In Activity 1 students are asked to describe the patterns they create and to write the color word (or its first letter) to show the pattern (e.g., Y, R, Y, R). Activity 3 asks students to write or copy a sentence describing something they created, which requires using descriptive words about their work.
Lesson 6
Shapes and Patterns
Students read and say phrases like "The first shape is a small circle. The second shape is a small square..." when describing sequences. Student activity pages repeatedly list labeled items such as "Small Circle," "Large Circle," "Small Triangle," and "Large Triangle," which students read, sound out, and use to recreate patterns. Students also create color patterns (red, yellow, blue) and are asked to describe items by color and size when building and explaining patterns.
Unit 3: Patterns in Your World
Lesson 6
Seasonal Weather Patterns
The lesson includes a word box with the words cold, warm, cool, and hot and asks the child to record the weather word beneath the season it describes (Activity 3). The Introduction asks the child to select the weather that describes today and circle it on the calendar, and Activity 1 and Activity 3 ask students to discuss and match types of weather to seasons and months. The student activity pages prompt children to fill in missing seasons and to match months to seasonal/weather words, providing multiple opportunities to use the weather-describing words.
Lesson 7
Patterns at Home
Students are asked to identify and describe patterns during the Pattern Scavenger Hunt (Activity 1), which requires describing visual features of objects. In Activity 3 and the quilt coloring task, students color shapes according to directions and are asked to name each shape and discuss designs, which prompts use of color and shape words. In Activity 5 students write or dictate and then copy a sentence that describes a pattern found in their closet, providing a chance to produce descriptive language in writing.
Lesson 11
Patterns in Graphs
Students are asked to color and label shirt colors (color the boxes marked red and green; color the girls' names pink and the boys' names blue) and to answer questions about what the chart shows (what color of shirt each child wore). The bar-graph activity asks students to color days when John read two books orange and days he read three purple, which uses color words as descriptors. The handwriting activity asks students to write a sentence describing whether an object sank or floated, which could include descriptive words.
4: Change
Unit 1: Changes on Planet Earth
Lesson 1
What Causes Change?
Students are asked in Activity 2 to record the words "fast" or "slow" for pictured changes, directly prompting them to write those descriptive words. In Activity 1 and the matching cards, students observe before-and-after pictures (e.g., tidy vs. messy bedroom; full vs. empty glass; healthy tree vs. bare tree) and decide what changed, which can prompt use of descriptive words. In Activity 3 students complete sentences describing a change and the amount of time it took, giving opportunities to write descriptors (e.g., "The change happened over a ___ amount of time").
Lesson 2
What Changed?
Students examine pairs of images and determine how attributes like weight, color, size, amount, and location have changed (Student Activity Page). Students are asked to circle which attributes changed and to give and record a sentence describing each example (Activity 2). Students are instructed to change color, size, amount, weight, and location in hands-on tasks (Activity 3), prompting use of descriptive words.
Lesson 4
Changes in the Environment
Students are asked to describe types of weather with example words (hot, cold, rainy, windy, etc.), which prompts use of common descriptive words. Students are asked to illustrate or write two sentences about a time when weather caused them to change activity, providing an opportunity to use descriptive words. The Counting Leaves activity uses quantifying/descriptive prompts (a couple, a few, many, the most) that require students to produce or respond with frequently used descriptive/quantifying words.
Lesson 6
Changes in the Sky
Activity 1 instructs students to list adjectives and phrases to describe the Sun and the Moon, allowing them to write or dictate their ideas. The Student Activity Pages (SUN and MOON) provide space for students to generate descriptive words. The lesson also prompts students to discuss characteristics of the Sun and Moon, which gives opportunities to use descriptive language orally.
Lesson 7
Living Things Change
Students are instructed to color the lizard "green" and "brown" and to color the rabbit "brown in the summer" and "white in the winter," which requires using color words. Students are asked to identify each change as "fast" or "slow," prompting them to use speed/tempo descriptors. Students are asked to write or copy a sentence that describes how something changes in size, which invites use of size adjectives (e.g., big, small, larger, smaller).
Lesson 9
Heat Causes Change
Students are asked to describe observations several times (e.g., "Ask your child to describe the batter," "Ask her what she thinks will happen," and "Ask her to describe it" after baking). Activity 4 directs students to write or copy a sentence about something they observed, which requires producing descriptive language. Prompts like "how did it look different after it burned?" invite students to use descriptive words about size, color, or appearance.
Lesson 10
Chemical Changes
The student activity page includes paired labels that use adjectives or adjectival forms (e.g., "new bicycle / rusty bicycle", "apple / chopped apple", "balloon / blown-up balloon", "bread / toast" with "brown/burnt"). The instructions ask students to identify each scenario and to "explain how he made each decision," which may prompt students to speak or write descriptive words such as "new," "rusty," "chopped," or "burnt." The text also uses descriptive wording in examples (e.g., "hot pan," "shattered bottle") that students read and hear.
Unit 2: Characters Change
Lesson 1
What's in a Name
Students work with vocabulary words that are adjectives (winsome, priceless, dreadful, envious) and guess and record their meanings on the vocabulary page. Students identify descriptive phrases from the story on the "Feeling Phrases" page and interpret what those phrases communicate about Chrysanthemum's feelings. Students list three words or phrases describing Chrysanthemum at the beginning and end of the story and write short sentences about how she changed on the "Characters Change" page.
Lesson 3
Is It a Problem?
The "Characters Change" activity asks students to complete prompts such as "At the beginning of the story, you could have said the boy was ___________ or ___________" and "By the end of the story you could describe him as ___________ or ___________," which requires students to supply descriptive words. The answer key and guided discussion of the problem imagery use descriptive phrases (e.g., "small, dark cloud," "raging dark storm") that model adjective use. The "Tackling a Problem" worksheet asks students to describe their problem and why it worries them, providing opportunities to write descriptive words.
Lesson 4
Comparing Characters
Students are asked to describe characters' personalities and situations when completing Venn diagrams comparing Chrysanthemum, Wemberly, and the boy, which prompts use of descriptive words. The "I Change" page asks students to write sentences beginning with prompts like "When I had my problem I was" and "After I solved my problem I was," encouraging descriptive responses. Summary and reflection questions (e.g., "Which character is most like you? Why?") require students to explain traits and feelings that can be expressed with adjectives.
Lesson 5
The Raft
Students are prompted in Activity 8 (Characters Change) to complete sentence prompts such as "At the beginning of the story the boy was __ and __" and "At the end of the story the boy was __ and __," which requires them to produce descriptive words about the character. Activity 7 (Story Elements) asks students to identify and "Glue Character Here" and to attach settings and descriptions, prompting students to describe characters and settings. The Vocabulary matching activity includes the adjective "cluttered" in context and asks students to match it to its definition, which engages them with an adjective in usage.
Final Project
My Own Story
Students are asked to think of 2–3 characters and to illustrate each character and write three traits to describe each one, which requires using descriptive words. The Problem and Solution activity asks students to answer "How would you describe the character at the beginning of the story?" and "How does the character change from the beginning to the end of the story?", prompting descriptive language. Students are instructed to "attempt to use interesting language" when dictating and writing their story, giving opportunities to choose descriptive words for characters and settings.
Unit 3: A First Look at History - Change Over Time
Lesson 4
Past and Present
Students are asked to describe differences between past and present in multiple spoken and written tasks (e.g., questions about how people dressed, homes, and transportation; Activity 8 asks the child to write a sentence describing how life in the past was different). Activities ask students to draw and tell stories about a time period and to complete prompts such as "One way the young person is different from me is," which require descriptive language. The advantages/disadvantages and Time Period Clues activities require students to generate descriptive phrases that could include adjectives.
Lesson 7
People of the Past
Students are asked "How would you describe this person?" (Activity 1), prompting them to produce descriptive words about historical figures. Students are asked to write a sentence about a historical person (Activity 4), which provides an opportunity to use adjectives in writing. The People in History descriptions include adjectives such as "famous," "first," "black," and "historical," giving students incidental exposure to descriptive words.
Final Project
My Past, Present and Future
Students are prompted to write sentences such as "I was different because," "Now I am," and "In the future I will be," which ask for descriptive words about themselves. Multiple activity pages ask students to complete statements like "In the past my home was," "Now my home is," and "In the future my home will be," and to write "In the past __________" and "Today __________" when comparing cultural elements. These prompts require students to produce descriptive language and create comparisons between time periods.
6: Reading
Unit 1: Semester 1
Lesson 6
Open Syllables and Digraph th
Students write and read the dictated sentence "The path was wet and hot," which contains two adjectives (Activity 5.3). Students encounter the words "few" and "new" in Weekly Message #6 and read them aloud while discussing word endings, so they see these words in context.
Lesson 9
Blends with l
Students are given adjective words on the sentence cards (for example, glad) and are asked to read and use these cards to create sentences (Activity 5.1). Students write dictated sentences that include an adjective — e.g., "The kids have a black cat." (Activity 5.2). Students answer a comprehension question asking the colors of flags ("red and black"), requiring them to use color words as descriptors orally.
Lesson 12
Double ll, ss, ff, zz (FLOSS)
Students read and write words that are adjectives or function as modifiers: the LL word-family lists include the adjective "small," and the sentence-dictation activity includes the phrase "Meg has less cash than Jill," exposing students to the modifier "less." Students also read and encounter sentences that contain determiners/modifiers such as "all" and sight words in contextual sentences (e.g., "They were all doing what they wanted").
Lesson 13
Glued Sounds ng and nk
Students read and practice the word "long" (Activity 1.1 lists and claps the syllable for "long" and several word-family lists include "long"). In sentence dictation (Activity 5.3) students write the sentence "The cats sang a long song," which requires them to copy/use the adjective "long." In the reader comprehension questions students identify the drink color "pink," which involves recognizing a color word used adjectivally.
Lesson 15
More Ending Blends
Students spell and read the adjective 'soft' when asked to name the opposite of 'hard' (Activity 2.2) and encounter 'soft' in the ft word list (Activity 2.1). Students learn and write the word 'each' as a sight word (Activity 1.3 and Activity 4.1) and use it in a dictated sentence, "Each kid can swim." (Activity 5.1).
Lesson 16
R-Controlled Vowels (ar)
Students are asked questions on the Student Activity Page such as "What is your favorite color?" and prompted to answer questions like "Which horse runs faster?" which can elicit adjectives (e.g., favorite, color words, comparative forms). The dictation sentences include "Which part is best?" where the word "best" appears as an adjective students will write. Several prompts (e.g., reader questions and sight-word activities) require students to produce short spoken or written answers that could include commonly used adjectives.
Unit 2: Semester 2
Lesson 3
Hard and Soft c and g
Students write two dictated sentences that contain descriptive words: "The red gem is huge." and "Many mice are in the cage." The sight-word practice explicitly includes the word "many." Students also read and re-read short texts and speak answers to comprehension questions, providing limited opportunities to encounter descriptive vocabulary in context.
Lesson 4
More R-Controlled Vowels (er, ir, or, ur)
Students spell and read adjective words in multiple activities (for example, Activity 2.2 asks students to spell the opposite of "tall" as "short," the spelling test and word lists include "short," "smart," and "large"). Students encounter and practice ordinal words "first" and "third" in the Life Application and are asked to use sight words such as "other," "more," and "some" in sentences, which can function as adjectives or determiners. Students write and read these words aloud during word-building, spelling tests, and sentence-dictation tasks.
Lesson 6
Long e Spellings ee, ey, ea
Students are given Making Sentences cards (Set 4) that include words functioning as adjectives such as strong, soft, dark, short, and green, and they are instructed to use these words to make sentences. In Activity 4.2 students assemble sentences aloud from provided word cards and read them, which requires them to place words like green or short with nouns. The materials list these adjective words explicitly among the cards students will handle.
Lesson 7
Long i Spellings y, igh, ie
Students fill in sentences using a Word Bank that contains words that function as adjectives (e.g., bright, high) and complete sentences such as "The sun was bright" and "The kite was high." Students write dictated sentences that include adjective forms (e.g., "The kite is high."). Students sort, read, and spell words that are commonly used as adjectives (bright, light, high) during word-sorting and spelling activities.
Lesson 10
Other Long Vowel Patterns
Students write and read sentences that include adjectives during Sentence Dictation (e.g., "The child is kind." and "The colt is blind."). Students identify and spell descriptive words such as "cold" when prompted (Activity 2.1 asks for the opposite of hot). Students learn meanings and use of descriptive words like "mild" and "wild" (Activity 1.2 explains the meaning of "mild" and has students read and write "mild," "wild," "child"). Students use sight words in sentences that function as modifiers (Activity 3.1 models "most" in sentences: "The girl has the most _____.").
Lesson 11
Long Vowel Sounds Review
Students write and read words from a word bank into sentences (Day 5 Fill in the Blanks) that require adjectives such as "blue" and the numeral adjective "five." In the Guess My Word activity students write and say the descriptive word "sweet." Students also locate and read descriptive words (e.g., "gray," "high") in the readers and the Weekly Message when identifying long-vowel words.
Lesson 12
Other Vowel Sounds oi, oy
Students are given a set of words (Set 5) that includes descriptive words such as slow, blue, few, and moist and are asked to make sentences using those words (Activity 4.1). Students are prompted to answer questions about favorites (e.g., "What is your favorite toy? Why?") that invite them to use descriptive language (Day 5, Activity 5.1). Students read the weekly message and point to words such as "great," which exposes them to common descriptive vocabulary during reading practice (Activity 1.1).
Lesson 13
Other Vowel Sounds ou, ow
Students write the dictated sentence "The brown cow is in town," which requires them to reproduce the adjective "brown." Students read and spell the word "brown" in multiple activities (sorting, word building, and the spelling test group labeled "brown"). Students encounter the adjective "brown" in the reader and word lists (e.g., Sorting o Spellings includes "brown"), so they repeatedly see and decode a frequently occurring adjective.
Lesson 15
These Make More Than One Sound: oo and ea
Students are asked to read and write the sight word "little" and to use each sight word ("after," "little," "where") in a sentence (Activity 1.3, Activity 3.3). Students underline and read the words "cool" and "good" in the Weekly Message and are prompted to listen to and read them aloud (Activity 1.1). In Activity 5.2 students write dictated sentences including "The bread is good," which requires them to write and reproduce an adjective in context.
Lesson 16
Silent Starts: kn, wr, gn
Students write and read dictated sentences that contain adjectives: "They wrap many gifts." and "The knife is sharp." Students will read and write sight-word and writing pages that include words such as "just," "many," and "sharp." Students read sentences aloud after writing them, providing an oral reading opportunity that includes these adjective-containing sentences.
