Eighth Grade - ELA
1: Semester 1
Unit 1: Abigail Adams
Lesson 1
Getting to Know Abigail Adams
Students are asked to plan and write a letter that "reads like a letter... with all parts of the letter connecting to one another," requiring coherence across sentences and paragraphs. The activities direct students to pay attention to organization, spelling, grammar, and punctuation and to make the parts of their letter connect rather than producing unconnected sentences. The Parent Plan and Skills sections emphasize producing clear and coherent writing appropriate to task and purpose. The lesson points students to a "Handy Guide to Writing" for more information about letters, suggesting a resource for writing conventions.
Lesson 2
John and Abigail Adams
The "Things to Know" section defines a transition and explains its role in connecting parts of writing. The Option 1 answer key explicitly points out the word "But" as a transition that links paragraphs and can serve as a topic sentence. Option 2 student instructions ask students to read surrounding paragraphs "to understand the paragraph in context and see if there are transitions between paragraphs," and the Part I analysis list includes "Provides transition to next line/next paragraph."
Lesson 7
Education
Students are asked to use the Paragraph Analysis page to "determine the role of each sentence and the connections between sentences," which directs them to examine how sentences relate. The suggested statements for analysis include an explicit item: "Provides transition to (next line/next paragraph)," prompting students to identify transitional elements. The reading activity asks students to choose a 4-6 sentence paragraph and analyze sentence roles and connections, which requires attention to cohesion and linking among ideas.
Lesson 8
Genre
Students are asked to write a paragraph that summarizes a chosen scene from the reading and then rewrite that scene in a selected genre (Option 1) or retell it as a graphic novel (Option 2), which requires composing multi-sentence connected text. The Matching Genres activity requires students to categorize descriptions and think about relationships among elements of genre, implying organization of ideas. The activities require students to organize information when summarizing and when transforming that summary into a new genre.
Lesson 12
Remembering Abigail Adams
Students encounter transitional words and clauses in the provided sample sentences and answer key (e.g., "However," "Still," "If you consider her example," and the interrogative "How will you remember Abigail Adams?"). Students are asked to write a 6–8 sentence eulogy or obituary, an extended paragraph in which transitions could be used to link ideas. Directions and some activity language also use sequence/connective words such as "Next" and "Once you have decided," modeling basic transitional phrasing.
Final Project
A One-Person Play
The unit study-guide explicitly lists "The parts of a well-written paragraph (topic sentence, transitions, supporting sentences, concluding observation)" as a review topic, prompting students to take notes on transitions. The lesson's guiding questions ask about paragraph structure and the role of different component parts, which directs students to consider transitions when crafting paragraphs. The planning and scripting for the one-person play require students to organize scenes and write short scripts, which implies attention to how ideas connect across sentences and scenes.
Unit 3: Einstein Adds a New Dimension
Lesson 2
Descriptive Writing
Students are explicitly told in Activity 2 to "use spatial transition words (like 'beside,' 'under,' 'between,' and 'around') to move the reader around the picture smoothly and logically." The Parent Plan asks reviewers to check that the student's paragraph "included clear transitions and wasn't just a collection of descriptive phrases." The lesson Skills list also names "Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts."
Lesson 4
Process Writing
The lesson explicitly tells students that "the writer uses transition words for clarity" and includes a Process Writing Transition graphic listing many transition words (e.g., first, next, then, finally, in addition, meanwhile). Students are instructed to use transitions when writing their short process pieces and the parent/teacher guidance asks reviewers to look for "clear transitions that move the reader smoothly" in both Option 1 and Option 2. The guacamole example models sequencing transitions (first, next, finally) that students can imitate in their own writing.
Lesson 6
Cause and Effect Writing
The lesson explicitly tells students that "The writer uses transition words to link one thought to another" and provides a "Cause/Effect Writing Transition" chart listing varied phrases (because, as a result, if...then, one cause, another effect, etc.). The assignment asks students to write a mini-essay (introduction, two points, conclusion) and directs them to use the transition list when linking ideas. The Parent Plan also instructs parents to look for the use of transition words and phrases in the student's writing and "Things to Review" includes "The importance of using transitions in writing."
Lesson 7
Relativity
The lesson explicitly notes that "Version 1 also lacks clear transitions" when comparing a weak and strong technical-writing example, pointing out transitions as a feature of stronger writing. The comparison frames Version 2 as preferable because it is concise and clearer, implying transitions contribute to clarity. Activity 2 asks students to produce a poster that communicates a complex concept clearly and concisely and to determine what terms need defining, which involves organizing information for an audience.
Lesson 8
Comparison and Contrast Writing
Students are explicitly told that "The writer uses transition words to link one thought to another" and are provided a "Comparison/Contrast Transition" chart listing varied comparison and contrast transitions (e.g., likewise, similarly, however, in contrast). The sample paragraphs model transitions in context (e.g., "Although," "First," "In contrast," "However"), and the student/parent guidance directs readers to "look for the use of transition words and phrases (a list was provided in the student plan)" when reviewing work. The Planning and Organization pages prompt students to write an introduction, topic sentences, and organized sections where transitions would logically be used.
Lesson 10
Problem and Solution Writing
The lesson explicitly instructs students to use transition words to link one thought to another and includes a "Problem/Solution Writing Transition" chart listing phrases (e.g., "one answer is," "therefore," "as a result," "furthermore"). The sample paragraph and mini-paragraphs model transitions such as "Throughout history," "One solution," "Another solution," "Since," and "However," showing how transitions connect ideas in a problem/solution exposition. The student activity asks students to organize a problem statement, two solutions with pros/cons, and a chosen solution, implying use of transitions to clarify relationships among these parts.
Final Project
Research Paper
The lesson's Skills list explicitly includes "Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts." In Activity 1 students read a student model, underline topic sentences, and circle the transition words or phrases they see in each topic sentence. The Research Rubric lists "Sentence Fluency - Use of transitions for smooth flow," making transitions an assessed element of students' papers. Activity 2 directs students to "look back at the lesson that covers the expository writing type... [to] remind you of... commonly used transition words and phrases."
Unit 5: Elijah of Buxton
Lesson 8
Transitions and Characters
Students read explicit instruction about what transition words do and review a categorized "Transitions List" (time/sequence, clarification, comparison/contrast, emphasis, conclusion). Students complete multiple activities that ask them to identify transitions in passages, circle transition words, and insert appropriate transition words or phrases into sentences (Activity 1 exercises A–H). The Parent Plan and answer key prompt students to choose varied transitions for different rhetorical relationships and to use transitions regularly in their own sentences.
Lesson 9
Transitions and Humor
The Parent Plan lists the skill: "Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence, signal shifts... and show the relationships among experiences and events." The lesson's "Things to Know" and Activity 1: "Transitions — Part 2" explicitly define categories of transitions (time/sequence, comparison, contrast, clarification, emphasis, conclusion) and gives examples from the text. The Student Activity Page directs students to choose a specified type of transition and write a follow-up sentence that logically connects to a given sentence, providing targeted practice in selecting and using transitions.
Final Project
Personal Narrative
Students are asked to include "transition words or phrases to connect the time order of the story and to show relationships between different parts of the narrative" when outlining their personal narrative. The rubric explicitly evaluates whether "Transition words help the reader understand the connection between sections of the story" and whether the author chooses "appropriate and varied transitions." A unit activity asks students to explain the purpose of transitions and to write two sentences including a transition, giving them an opportunity to practice using a transition in context.
2: Semester 2
Unit 1: The House of the Scorpion
Lesson 1
Cloning
Students are instructed in the Skills section to "use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence," indicating an explicit expectation to use transitions. The Persuasive Essay Rubric states that "Transition words help the reader understand the connection between sections of the essay," which will require students to include transitions in their writing. In Activity 3 and its teacher notes, students identify persuasive strategies in sample paragraphs and are directed to label a sentence as a "transition" (e.g., "By contrast, the country is quiet. (transition)"), showing students practice recognizing transitions in text.
Lesson 2
Revising and Editing
The lesson's Skills list explicitly includes: "Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence," and repeats that phrasing, indicating students are expected to work on cohesive wording. Activity 2 directs students to revise and edit their persuasive essay, asking them to check the structure of their argument, ensure each paragraph has a topic sentence and clear supporting details, and to make additions or omissions as needed during revision. The Parent Plan prompts parents to ask the student to explain the revisions she made, which could involve discussing choices of wording and organization.
Lesson 3
Cast of Characters
The lesson's Skills section explicitly states students will "Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence," which directly matches the focus on transitions. The lesson also requires students to produce a final draft of a persuasive essay, providing an occasion for students to organize claims, reasons, and evidence where transitions could be applied.
Unit 4: To Kill a Mockingbird
Lesson 2
Home and School
Students are asked to produce a 6–8 sentence literature response that requires organization and reference to specific examples from the text, and the Parent Plan lists producing clear and coherent writing as a skill target. The example responses (both chapters 1–2 and 3–4) include cohesive phrasing and transitional language such as "Despite these frustrations" and sequence markers like "In Chapter 3... In Chapter 4...". The journal activity asks students to record three events and explain how each could impact a reader, which requires linking ideas and organizing explanations.
Lesson 4
Snow and Fire
Students practice correcting run-on sentences by joining independent clauses with a semicolon, a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), or by making one clause dependent. Students rewrite a paragraph with correct punctuation and produce a literature response that requires organizing ideas and explaining a quoted passage, giving opportunities to connect ideas within a paragraph.
