Newton at the Center

Unit Review Sheet

Facts and Definitions

Lesson 1: Features of Non-Fiction

• Non-fiction is a factual narrative or writing about a topic. It is written in expository, or informational, text.
• Graphics include any pictures that appear in a book.
• Headings are the titles of main sections within a chapter.
• The index appears in the back of the book and lists topics alphabetically.
• The table of contents appears in the beginning of the book and lists each chapter and the page it begins on.

Lesson 2: Newton and Math

• Eccentric means how elongated an ellipse is or how odd or unusual a person is.
• To be obstinate means to be determined and stubborn.
• Describing something as hokum means it is false or a hoax.
• Feign means to pretend, but in Latin, the equivalent word means to form or shape.
• An annus mirabilis is a "year of miracles" and is used to describe two years in science — 1666, when Newton discovered many universal principles and 1905, when Einstein published four important papers.

Lesson 3: Newton and Light

• Corpuscles is a term used today for blood cells, but in Newton's time, it was used to describe any small particles.

Lesson 4: Newton and Motion

• Inertia means resistance to change or motion.
• A force is a push or pull that acts on something.
• Someone who is a strong opponent over a long period of time is called a nemesis.
• Newton's first law, called the Law of Inertia, says, "Objects tend to stay at rest or move in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an outside force."
• Newton's second law says, "The force acting on a body is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as, its acceleration."
• Newton's third law, called the Law of Action-Reaction, says, "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Lesson 5: Newton's Contemporaries

• The speed of light is about 300,000 kilometers per second.

Lesson 6: Math and Science Take Flight

• Bernoulli's principle says, "When the speed of a moving fluid increases, pressure in the fluid decreases, and vice versa."
• Ingenious means inventive and clever.

Lesson 7: Using Newton's Work

• Temperature measures the thermal energy of the particles in a substance.
• Émilie du Châtelet discovered E=mv² as the formula for energy.
• Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed, only rearranged.
• Electrical charges can be neither created nor destroyed, only moved.
• Conservation laws tell us how matter, electricity, and many other natural phenomena work. They show that things change form but are not created or destroyed.
• An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• To be prescient means to anticipate things that will happen in the future.

Final Project: Lobby for Newton

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